Genel bir kural olarak, e\u015flerin evlilik birli\u011fi s\u00fcresince edindikleri mallar ortak m\u00fclkiyete tabidir. Evlili\u011fin sona ermesi halinde, bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131nda mallar\u0131n ak\u0131beti kar\u0131 kocan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en temel meselelerden biridir. Bir m\u00fcvekkilimiz, e\u015fiyle aras\u0131ndaki mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in hukuk b\u00fcromuza ba\u015fvurdu. M\u00fcvekkilin hedefleri do\u011frultusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken; gayrimenkuller, menkul k\u0131ymetler, ara\u00e7lar, y\u00fcksek de\u011ferli ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok \u015firketteki ortakl\u0131k paylar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere payla\u015f\u0131ma konu t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplad\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131n de\u011ferlemesini yapt\u0131rd\u0131k. Stratejimizi geli\u015ftirirken m\u00fcvekkile, Belarus hukuku ile vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkenin hukuku aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar\u0131 aktard\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 y\u0131l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
e\u015fin hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi andan itibaren mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 davas\u0131 zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
5%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mahkemede talep edilen tutar \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan devlet harc\u0131<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2 y\u00f6ntem<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mahkeme yoluyla payla\u015f\u0131m ve evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin birlikte uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm 01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fransa, \u0130talya ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede bo\u015fanma davas\u0131; mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, nafaka, eski e\u015fin mali g\u00fcvencesi gibi hususlardan ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Belarus ise farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimser: Hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bo\u015fanma ile \u00f6rne\u011fin evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde sat\u0131n al\u0131nan bir dairenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bo\u015fanma yarg\u0131 yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fse dahi iki ayr\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Mahkeme, \u00f6zellikle taraflardan hi\u00e7biri bu konuyu g\u00fcndeme getirmedi\u011fi takdirde, mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na hi\u00e7 de\u011finmeksizin yaln\u0131zca e\u015flerden birinin talebi \u00fczerine evlili\u011fi sonland\u0131rabilir. Mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015fanmadan sonra ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bizim Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu do\u011frultuda, \u00f6nce bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131k ve evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde edinilen mallar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir dava ikame ettik.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Mahkeme bo\u015fanma dilek\u00e7esini kabul etti ve aile hukuku mevzuat\u0131 uyar\u0131nca e\u015flere uzla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve aileyi kurtarman\u0131n bir yolunu aramalar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131. Uzla\u015fma s\u00fcresi davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ortak edinilen mallar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 davas\u0131 ayr\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk duru\u015fma dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan birka\u00e7 hafta sonra yap\u0131ld\u0131. Evlilik resmen sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, mahkeme mal rejimine ili\u015fkin meselelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 halihaz\u0131rda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm 02<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fcvekkil, ortak edinilen mallar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in s\u00fcreyi ka\u00e7\u0131rmaktan endi\u015fe ediyordu; zira kendi kanaatine g\u00f6re e\u015flerin bo\u015fanmadan sonra b\u00f6yle bir dava a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131 vard\u0131. Bo\u015fanma dilek\u00e7esi verildi\u011finde e\u015fler bir s\u00fcredir zaten ayr\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcvekkil uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6zmek istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kilit Bilgi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Belarus mahkeme uygulamalar\u0131nda, ortak mallar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi ne e\u015flerin ortak haneyi fiilen terk etti\u011fi tarihe ne de bo\u015fanma tarihine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; dava \u00e7ok daha sonra da a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Payla\u015f\u0131m davalar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi, evlili\u011fin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten de\u011fil, di\u011fer e\u015fin ortak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi andan itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Basit bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekirse: Bo\u015fanmadan be\u015f y\u0131l sonra koca, evlilik s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan bir arac\u0131 satar. Eski e\u015f, arac\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi andan itibaren ara\u00e7 bedelinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 talep etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm 03<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Faydal\u0131 Bilgi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mallar\u0131 payla\u015fman\u0131n en etkili yolu bunu mahkeme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. E\u015fler halen evliyse noter huzurunda bir evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalayabilirler; evlilik halihaz\u0131rda sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa noter huzurunda bir mal payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi akdedebilirler. Bu belgeler mahkeme karar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Mallar\u0131n mahkeme yoluyla payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ciddi masraflar gerektirir. \u0130lk olarak, bir gayrimenkul payla\u015f\u0131lacaksa davac\u0131 taraf dairenin, m\u00fcstakil evin veya arsan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir de\u011ferleme raporunu temin etmelidir. Bu de\u011ferleme, dava de\u011ferinin ve yarg\u0131lama ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00f6denmesi zorunlu olan devlet harc\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6nemli<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Devlet harc\u0131, e\u015flerden birinin talep etti\u011fi de\u011ferin (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir dairenin de\u011ferinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n) %5’i oran\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcvekkilin davas\u0131nda, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda aynen payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan varl\u0131klar da dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm mallar\u0131n piyasa rayi\u00e7 de\u011ferine dair bilgi sunulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin evlilik s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir otomobil sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, davay\u0131 incelerken mahkeme arac\u0131n hangi e\u015fte kalaca\u011f\u0131na ve di\u011fer e\u015fe arac\u0131n piyasa de\u011ferinin yar\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131nda bir tazminat\u0131n h\u00fckmedilmesine karar verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcm 04<\/p>\n\n\n\n