
Labor Disputes
In matters of labor law, every employer who develops a business independently or hires employees needs to be guided. This is important in order to successfully resolve controversial issues that may arise in the field of labor relations. Disagreements may arise between employers and employees, between government agencies and employers as a result of inspections of compliance with labor laws in the company. Our lawyers have experienced specialists in labor law issues who can advise you, prepare documents for dispute resolution and represent your interests.
Labor disputes initiated by the employer
At the initiative of the employer, disputes most often arise about the recovery of the amount of damage caused by an employee to the employer’s property. In this case, you need to go to court within 1 year from the date of discovery of the damage. The employer most often discovers damage during inventory, although other situations are possible.
Instead of going to court, you can negotiate with an employee for voluntary compensation for damages. An employee can voluntarily compensate for the damage he caused to the employer’s property. To do this, he writes a statement for full or partial compensation for damage. Instead of paying money, an employee can replace the damaged property with another one with the consent of the employer. Our experts will help you come to an agreement and arrange the necessary documents.
Recovery of damage caused by an employee
An employer may withhold the amount of damage from an employee’s salary without an employee’s application, when such an amount is no more than three of his average monthly salaries. To do this, you need to properly issue an order within two weeks from the day the damage was discovered.

Damage Recovery
A dispute with an employee about compensation for harm is considered by the court when:
- The amount of damage is more than three average monthly salaries.
- The employer missed two weeks to recover the amount of damage from the salary, which is less than three average monthly salaries of the employee.
- The employee does not agree with the amount that the employer wants to collect. The employee has already quit and refuses to pay damages. The dismissal of an employee does not prevent the recovery of the amount of damage from him.
- The damage caused to the company by its hired head, the owners of the company can recover in court. In this case, the documents are sent to the court at the place of residence of the employee or at the place of harm to the employer.
Our experts will help determine the amount of damage that can actually be recovered, prepare the necessary documents for recovery and represent the interests of the client when considering the dispute.

Labor Enforcement
Belarusian legislation provides for fines for violations of labor legislation. Fines are imposed on managers and officials of employer companies, for the companies themselves, and for employers – individual entrepreneurs. Such fines are applied by the court. The package of documents is prepared for the court by state bodies that monitor employers’ compliance with labor law, in particular, the Department of State Labor Inspection of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. If necessary, our lawyers will help prepare documents for the court and represent your interests in court for an optimal resolution of the dispute.
Special procedure for the consideration of labor disputes
In a special order, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus and the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection consider labor disputes between employees — Belarusian citizens who work in diplomatic missions and consular offices, these missions and institutions.
In companies where a trade union has been established, labor disputes between employees who are members of the union and the employer can be considered by the Labor Dispute Commission (LDC) before the court.
When Does an Employment Contract Begin Under Belarusian Law?
Under Article 25 of the Belarusian Labor Code, an employment contract takes effect on the start date agreed by the parties. But often, workers begin duties before paperwork is finalized.

Contract Formalities
If an authorized company official—like a director or department head—allows someone to start work, the contract is legally considered active, even without a signed document. If someone without proper authority does this, courts may refuse to recognize the employment relationship.
The law also requires that such actual starts be formalized in writing by the next day. After signing, the employer issues an official order, which the employee must acknowledge.
Delays or mistakes here can spark disputes over pay, working conditions, or even whether a valid contract exists at all. Proper, timely documentation protects both sides.
Final Settlement at Termination
Belarus’ Labor Code (Article 77) sets strict timelines for final pay when an employee is terminated. All payments—except those tied to monthly or other reporting period results—must be made no later than the last working day. Payments calculated by month or period follow company policies but still must be paid by the standard payroll day.
Sometimes, an employee isn’t actually working on their termination day—due to vacation, sick leave, or even an unexcused absence. In these cases, if the employee requests payment, the employer must settle no later than the day after the demand.

Reinstatement
Many employers and employees overlook this rule, which often sparks disputes over delayed final pay. Under Article 78, if the employer is at fault for late payment, the employee can claim average earnings for each day of delay, or a proportional amount if only part of the sum was withheld.
These penalties apply only when the delay is due to the employer’s fault. Calculations are based on the rules set out in the official Instruction on Average Earnings approved by Belarus’ Ministry of Labor. Careful compliance protects both parties from costly legal consequences.
Reinstatement: A Common Employment Dispute
Reinstatement of a dismissed employee is one of the most typical—and challenging—labor disputes in Belarus. An employee may contest their dismissal by applying to the company’s labor commission (if it exists) or directly to the court.
These cases are tough for employees because employers usually hold stronger documentary evidence of misconduct. It’s not uncommon for employers to prepare memos or statements retroactively to build a case.
However, such “proof” can often be challenged. Employees may present alternative evidence, like phone records showing their location, photos, or testimony from independent witnesses not tied to the employer.
For employers, reinstatement comes with serious consequences. They may have to pay average earnings for the entire period of forced absence plus compensation for emotional distress.
It’s a critical reminder for employers to handle dismissals strictly by the book. Even if an employee clearly violated rules, improper procedures can lead a court to order reinstatement along with costly financial penalties.
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FAQ
Under Belarusian law, most employment disputes first go to a Labor Disputes Commission (KTS) if it exists at your workplace. This body handles issues like pay, bonuses, leave, and disciplinary actions. However, if there’s no KTS, or if your case involves dismissal, contract validity, or discrimination, you can go directly to court.
You can also appeal a KTS decision to court within 10 days if you disagree or if the commission missed deadlines. Workers generally have three months to file most claims and one month for dismissals, while employers have a year to pursue damages.
Importantly, employees don’t pay court costs in individual labor disputes, making legal protection more accessible. For other workplace issues, written complaints typically start with local state authorities. Seeking professional help ensures your filings are accurate and your rights fully defended.
Disputes often involve pay amounts, bonuses, late wages or final settlements, claims of illegal dismissal or transfer, and how workplace accidents are documented. Many employees also challenge refusals to let them resign, seek moral damages for employer misconduct, or deal with delayed work record returns.
Employers frequently pursue workers for financial losses. These cases are complex, with strict deadlines and special pre-trial rules, requiring knowledge beyond just labor law.
I advise on early contract termination, transfers, pay and bonus disputes, personal conflicts with management, trade secrets, and non-compete issues—especially for tech employees.
If you expect to work long-term (a year or more), a formal employment contract is clearly better. It secures paid leave, vacation pay, and possible performance bonuses. A service contract (civil contract) usually means no such benefits and is easier to end, which only makes sense if you plan short-term work.
Under Article 123 of the Belarusian Labor Code, the employer must inform the employee of any shift or schedule changes at least one day before the new shift starts.
Yes. A probation period protects both sides. By Article 29 of the Labor Code, either party can terminate before it ends, giving three days’ written notice, or do so on the final day.
An HR audit is a detailed review of your company’s personnel records, payroll practices, and internal HR processes. It checks whether your employment documents and pay systems meet labor law requirements. It also includes correcting or updating paperwork so your HR files fully comply with current regulations—reducing risks of fines or disputes with employees.
It starts with clear legal tools to control the hired manager—through contracts, internal policies, and oversight rights. Properly structuring dismissal terms is equally critical to protect the owner’s interests. When disputes arise, early legal intervention helps resolve conflicts efficiently, whether through negotiation or, if needed, by guiding the owner through a lawful termination process.
Contact us
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LawyerLegal assistance is provided by advocate Anton Grinewich, Specialized Legal Bar No. 2 in Minsk.
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AddressOffice: 1 Krasnaya str., Minsk, Republic of Belarus Postal address: 1 Krasnaya str., Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Working hoursMonday-Friday 9:00-19:00